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Displaying 5 out
of 25
questions & answers.
lithosphere: the outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the upper mantle
minerals: naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition
rocks: naturally occurring solids made up of one or more minerals
sills and dykes: rock structures formed when magma hardens between horizontal (sill) and vertical (dyke) layers of rock
batholith: a plutonic rock mass formed when a large amount of magma enters the Earth's crust and
cools, forming a massive, plateau-like structure
rock cycle: the continuous cycle of formation, destruction and reformation of rocks
weathering: the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by natural agents
erosion: removal of weathered materials by rain water, rivers, wind and waves
diurnal range of temperature: the difference between the daily maximum and minimum
temperatures for a particular place
in situ: in the same place
exfoliation: the peeling off of the outer layer of a rock in the form of a concentric shell
scree: broken fragments of rocks that collect at the foot of a slope
humus: decayed organic matter that enriches the soil
soil horizon: each horizontal layer of the soil
bunds: low mud walls
Q1.
Fill in the blanks.
- A ________________ is a plutonic rock structure formed when magma hardens between horizontal layers of rocks.
- Fossils appear only in _________________ rocks.
- __________________ weathering is most common in equatorial and tropical regions.
- The lowest layer of a soil profile is the __________________ horizon or _________________.
- Steps cut into hill slopes to prevent soil erosion are called ___________________.
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Tick the sentences that are true. Correct the others.
- Peat and coal are examples of plutonic rocks.
- Limestone changes to diamond and coal changes to marble as a result of metamorphosis.
- When water freezes, its volume reduces.
- Biological weathering takes place when the chemical components of rocks undergo changes.
- The subsoil contains the maximum amount of humus.
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Fossils are formed in sedimentary rocks alone. Give reasons.
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Exfoliation is also sometimes referred to as 'onion peeling'. Give reasons.
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Frost action causes cracks to appear in rocks. Give reasons.
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